Chaparrita is a charming and affectionate term of endearment in Mexican Spanish, often used for a short woman or girl. It literally comes from chaparro, meaning 'short'.
In this song, the singer uses chaparrita to refer to the woman he is serenading, highlighting his affection and perhaps her petite stature. It's a culturally rich word that adds a layer of intimacy and endearment to the lyrics.
This song, "Obscurece Y Amanece" by Regulo Caro, tells a story of unrequited love and a determined serenade! Our singer is out at dawn, seeing the sun rise, but his "chaparrita" (a term of endearment for a short woman) hasn't appeared. He's already given her a serenade, but his love never came out. He suspects she might have other loves, saying, "pues que tiene otros amores los borrachos como yo" [well, she has other loves, drunks like me].
He's not giving up easily though! He's leaving for now but plans to return in the afternoon because he wants to find out "si quiere ser que está impidiendo que blindar su querer" [what is preventing her from giving her love]. He's ready to respect her parents if they're the obstacle, but if it's other lovers, he's ready to "ponerme de matar" [fight to the death]. It's a dramatic and passionate declaration of love, with a touch of a classic romantic dilemma!