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Since
the
dawn
of
humanity
An
estimated
1008
billion
people
have
lived
and
died
A
number
that
increases
by
about
8%
Of
the
world's
population
each
year
What
happens
to
all
of
those
people's
bodies
after
they
die
And
will
the
planet
eventually
run
out
of
burial
space?
When
a
person's
heart
stops
beating
The
body
passes
through
several
stages
before
it
begins
decomposing
Within
minutes
after
death
The
blood
begins
settling
in
the
lower-most
parts
of
the
body
Usually
eight
to
twelve
hours
later
The
skin
in
those
areas
is
discolored
by
livor
mortis
Or
post-mortem
stain
And
while
at
the
moment
of
death
the
body's
muscles
relax
completely
In
a
condition
called
primary
flaccidity
They
stiffen
about
two
to
six
hours
later
In
what's
known
as
rigor
mortis
This
stiffening
spreads
through
the
muscles
And
its
speed
can
be
affected
by
age
gender
And
the
surrounding
environment
The
body
also
changes
temperature
Usually
cooling
off
to
match
its
environment
Next
comes
decomposition
The
process
by
which
bacteria
and
insects
break
apart
the
body
Many
factors
affect
the
rate
of
decomposition
There
is
however
a
basic
guide
of
the
effect
Of
the
environment
on
decompositon
Called
Casper's
Law
It
says
that
if
all
other
factors
are
equal
A
body
exposed
to
air
decomposes
twice
as
fast
As
one
immersed
in
water
And
eight
times
as
fast
as
one
buried
in
earth
Soil
acidity
also
greatly
affects
bone
preservation
High-acidity
soils
with
a
pH
of
less
than
53
Will
rapidly
decompose
bone
Whereas
in
a
neutral
or
basic
soil
with
a
pH
of
7
or
more
A
skeleton
can
remain
in
relatively
good
condition
for
centuries
Different
cultures
throughout
history
have
developed
Unique
approaches
to
burials
As
far
back
as
the
first
Neanderthal
burials
Death
was
accompanied
by
rituals
Like
the
positioning
coloring
or
decorating
of
corpses
Traditional
Christian
burials
decorate
the
body
in
dress
While
in
traditional
Islam
A
body
is
wrapped
in
a
piece
of
ritual
fabric
With
the
face
oriented
toward
Mecca
Traditional
Hindus
ceremonially
burn
the
body
And
Zoroastrians
followers
of
one
Of
the
oldest
monotheistic
religions
Traditionally
place
bodies
atop
a
tower
to
expose
them
to
the
Sun
And
scavenging
birds
Before
the
Industrial
Revolution
burials
were
simple
and
accessible
These
days
with
suitable
burial
land
running
out
In
high-population
areas
Purchasing
private
gravesites
can
be
costly
And
many
people
can't
afford
simple
burials
Even
cremation
the
second
most
common
burial
practice
in
the
world
Comes
with
a
high
cost
As
for
the
question
of
running
out
of
space
The
issue
isn't
so
much
about
total
land
in
the
world
As
it
is
that
large
populations
cluster
together
within
cities
Most
of
the
big
cities
in
the
world
May
run
out
of
suitable
burial
grounds
within
a
century
For
London
it's
even
sooner
That
may
happen
by
2035
So
are
there
alternatives
to
traditional
burials
That
might
help
with
the
space
issue
?
In
some
countries
skyscraper
cemeteries
enable
vertical
burials
Some
options
focus
on
the
body's
relationship
with
the
environment
Promession
for
example
freeze-dries
and
pulverizes
the
body
Creating
a
powder
that
can
turn
into
compost
When
mixed
with
oxygen
and
water
There
are
also
green
burials
that
use
special
materials
Such
as
biodegradable
caskets
Urns
that
sprout
trees
And
burial
suits
that
grow
mushrooms
Eternal
reefs
take
that
concept
to
the
depths
of
the
ocean
Using
a
mixture
of
ashes
and
cement
to
create
marine
Habitats
for
sea
life
Death
is
an
inevitable
part
of
the
human
condition
But
how
we
treat
bodies
and
burials
continues
to
evolve
We
may
each
have
different
spiritual
Religious
Or
practical
approaches
to
dying
But
the
ever-increasing
demand
for
burial
space
Might
give
us
a
push
to
be
creative
About
where
our
bodies
go
after
the
final
stages
of
life